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Excerpts Attributed to Immanuel Bonfils
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=== The sum is the required === |style="text-align:right;"|[[住驻专_讛诪住驻专_/_讗讘专讛诐_讗讘谉_注讝专讗#the sum is the required|<span style=color:blue>'''讜讛诪讞讜讘专 讛讜讗 讛讚专讜砖'''</span>]] |- | *Explanation: although the author mentioned this method only for extracting squares, it can be applied to the product of any two numbers divisible by three. |style="text-align:right;"|驻讬' 讗注驻"讬 砖诇讗 讝讻专 讛诪讞讘专 讚专讱 讝讜 专拽 讘讛讜爪讗转 讛诪专讜讘注讬诐 讬转讻谉 讝讛 讘讻驻诇 讻诇 砖谞讬 诪住驻专讬诐 讘注诇讬 砖诇讬砖 |- | :*Such as 12 and 18. ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{12\times18}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讻诪讜 讬"讘 讜讬"讞 |- | ::We multiply a third of the one, which is 4, by the third of the other, which is 6; the result is 24. ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot12\right)\times\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot18\right)=4\times6=24}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讗谞讜 谞讻驻讜诇 砖诇讬砖 讛讗讞讚 讜讛讜讗 讚' 讘砖诇讬砖 讛砖谞讬 讜讛讜讗 讜' 讜讬注诇讛 讻"讚 |- | ::We rise it one rank higher; it is 240. |style="text-align:right;"|谞讙讘讬讛讛讜 诪注诇讛 讗讞转 讜讬讛讬讛 专"诪 |- | ::Subtract the product of the two-thirds, which is 24; 216 remains and this is the product of 18 by 12. |style="text-align:right;"|讛住讬专 ‫<ref>76r</ref>讻驻诇 讛砖谞讬 砖诇讬砖讬讜转 砖讛讜讗 讻"讚 讬砖讗专讜 专讬"讜 讜讛讜讗 讻驻诇 讬"讞 注诇 讬"讘 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{12\times18=10\sdot\left[\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot12\right)\times\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot18\right)\right]-\left[\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot12\right)\times\left(\frac{1}{3}\sdot18\right)\right]=10\sdot\left(4\times6\right)-\left(4\times6\right)=240-24=216}}</math> |- | *If they [are not divisible by three], but exceed by one: |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 砖讛诐 谞注讚专讬 讛砖诇讬砖 讜诪讜住讬驻讬谉 讗讞讚 |- | :*As 13 and 19, we do as follows: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{13\times19}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讻诪讜 讬"讙 讬"讟 谞注砖[讛] 讻谉 |- | ::We calculate the product of 12 by 18; the result is 216. ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{12\times18=216}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|谞讜爪讬讗 住讱 讛讞砖讘讜谉 诇讬"讘 讜讬"讞 讜讬注诇讛 专讬"讜 |- | ::Since each of the numbers exceed by one over [the divisible by three], we add 12, 18, and one; the result is 247 and this is the product of 13 by 19. |style="text-align:right;"|讜诇驻讬 砖讻诇 讗讞讚 诪讛诪住驻专讬诐 诪讜住讬祝 讗讞讚 注诇 讛砖诇讬砖 谞讜住讬祝 讬"讘 讜讬"讞 讜讗讞讚 讜注诇讛 专诪"讝 讜讝讛讜 讻驻诇 讬"讙 讘讬"讟 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{13\times19=\left(12\times18\right)+12+18+1=216+12+18+1=247}}</math> |- | *If the two numbers are one less [than the divisible by three]: |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 讛讬讜 砖谞讬 讛诪住驻专讬诐 讞住专讬谉 讗讞讚 |- | :*As 11 and 17: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{11\times17}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讻讬"讗 讜讬"讝 |- | ::We calculate the product of 12 by 18; the result is 216. ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{12\times18=216}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|谞注砖讛 讛讞砖讘讜谉 讘讬"讘 讜讬"讞 讜讬注诇讛 专讬"讜 |- | ::We subtract 11, 17 and 1 from 216 for the deficiency; 187 remains and this is the product of 11 by 17. |style="text-align:right;"|讜讘注讚 讞住专讜谉 讛讗讞讚 谞讙专注 讬"讗 讜讬"讝 讜讗讞讚 诪谉 专讬"讜 讜讬砖讗专 拽驻"讝 讜讛讜讗 讻驻诇 讬"讗 讘讬"讝 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{11\times17=\left(12\times18\right)-11-17-1=216-11-17-1=187}}</math> |- | *If one exceeds by one and the other is less by one: |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 讛讗讞讚 诪讜住讬祝 讗讞讚 讜讛砖谞讬 讞讜住专 讗讞讚 |- | ::As 11 and 19, or 13 and 17. |style="text-align:right;"|讻讬"讗 讜讬"讟 讗讜 讬"讙 讜讬"讝 |- | ::We calculate the product of 12 by 18; the result is 216. ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{12\times18=216}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|谞注砖讛 讛讞砖讘讜谉 讘讬"讘 讜讬"讞 讜讬注诇讛 专讬"讜 |- | :*If they are 11 and 19: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{11\times19}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讛谞讛 讗诐 讛讬讜 讬"讗 讜讬"讟 |- | ::The [deficient] is 11 and the [exceeding] is 1[9], so the [exceeding] is greater than the [deficient] by [8; minus 1; it is] 7. Subtract it from 216; 209 remains and this is the required. |style="text-align:right;"|讛转讜住驻转 讛讜讗 讬"讗 讜讛讞住专讜谉 讛讜讗 讬"讞 讗诐 讻谉 讛讞住专讜谉 专讘 注诇 讛转讜住驻转 讝' 讞住专诐 诪谉 专讬"讜 讜讬砖讗专 专"讟 讜讛讜讗 讛讚专讜砖 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{11\times19=\left(12\times18\right)-\left(19-11-1\right)=216-7=209}}</math> |- | :*If they are 13 and 17: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{13\times17}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 讛讬讜 讬"讙 讜讬"讝 |- | ::The [deficient] is 17 and the [exceeding] is 13, so the excess of the greater is [4; plus 1; it is] 5. We add it to 216; it is 221 and this is the required. |style="text-align:right;"|讛谞讛 讛转讜住驻转 讛讜讗 讬"讝 讜讛讞住专讜谉 讬"讙 讗诐 讻谉 讛转讜住驻转 专讘 讛' 谞讜住讬驻诐 注诇 专讬"讜 讜讛讬讛 专讻"讗 讜讛讜讗 讛讚专讜砖 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{17\times13=\left(12\times18\right)+\left(17-13+1\right)=216+5=221}}</math> |- | :*If they are 18 and 13: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{18\times13}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 讛谉 讻诪讜 讬"讞 讜讬"讙 |- | ::We add 18 to 216; it is 23[4] and this is the required. |style="text-align:right;"|谞讜住讬祝 注诇 专讬"讜 讬"讞 讜讛讬讛 专诇"讘 讜讛讜讗 讛讚专讜砖 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{18\times13=\left(12\times18\right)+18=216+18=234}}</math> |- | :*If they are 18 and 11: ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{18\times11}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|讜讗诐 讛谉 讬"讞 讜讬"讗 |- | ::We subtract 18 from 216; 198 remains. |style="text-align:right;"|谞讙专注 讬"讞 诪谉 专讬"讜 讜讬砖讗专 拽爪"讞 |- | colspan=2| ::<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{18\times11=\left(12\times18\right)-18=216-18=198}}</math> |- |
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