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Excerpts Attributed to Immanuel Bonfils
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=== Another Version - MS Paris 903 === | |- |Know that the one is divided into ten parts called primes; each prime [is divided] into ten parts called seconds, each second into ten thirds, each third into ten fourths and so on endlessly. |style="text-align:right;"|ืืข ืื ืืืื ื ืืืง ืื' ืืืงืื ืืงืจืื ืฉืืื'<sup>ืฉืืจื'</sup> ืจืืฉืื ื' ืืื ืืื ืืืจืืฉืื ื' ืื' ืืืงื' ืืงืจืื ืฉืืื' <sup>ืฉืืจื'</sup> ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืื' ืื' ืฉืืืฉืื' ืืื ืฉืืืฉืื' ืื' ืจืืืขืื' ืืื ืขื ืืื ืงืฅ |- |I call the rank of tens of integers "primes"; the hundreds of integers "seconds", the thousands of integers "thirds", the tens of thousands of integers "fourths", the [hundreds of thousands] "fifths" and so on endlessly. |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืื ื ืงืืจื ืืขืืช ืืขืฉืจื' ืฉืืืื ืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื' ืฉื ืื' ืืืืืคื' ืฉืืื' ืฉืืฉืื' ืืืจืืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืจืืืขืื' ืืืจืืืืช ืืืฉืื' ืืื ืขื ืืื ืงืฅ |- |I call the rank of units by their name "units", since they are mean between the integers and the fractions, therefore, when the units are multiplied by units the result is units, which does not happen in any other rank. |style="text-align:right;"|ืื ืืืืื' ืื ื ืงืืจ' ืืฉืื ืืืื' ืื ืื ืืืืฆืขืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื' ืืืฉืืจื' ืขื ืื ืืืคื ืืืื' ืืืืื' ืืฆืื ืืืื' ืืฉ"ื ืืฉืื ืืขื' ืืืจืช |- |I call the seconds "having a greater name than" the primes, the thirds ["having a greater name than"] the seconds, and so on. This is for integers as well as for fractions. |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืื ื ืงืืจื ืืฉื ืื' ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืจืืฉืื ื' ืืื ืฉืืืฉืืื ืืฉื ืื' ืืื ืืื ืื' ืืฉืืื' ืื' ืืฉืืจื‫' |- |When I say: add the name of the seconds to the name of the thirds, the result is fifths and so on. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{10^{2+3}=10^5}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืืื' ืืืจ ืฉื ืฉื ืื' ืขื ืฉื ืฉืืืฉืื' ืืฆื ืืืฉืื' ืืื ืืื |- |Also, when I say: subtract the name of the primes from the name of the seconds; primes remain. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{10^{2-1}=10^1}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืืื' ืืจืข ืฉื ืจืืฉืื ื' ืืฉื ืฉื ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืจืืฉืื ื‫' |- |If from the name of the primes, nothing remains, so they are in the rank of the units, for integers as well as for fractions. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{10^{1-1}=10^0}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืฉืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืจ ืืืืคืื ืืืขื' ืืืืื' ืื' ืืฉืืื' ืื' ืืฉืืจื‫' |- |If the subtracted has a greater name than the minuend, as if you subtract fourths from seconds, if they are fractions, the result are seconds of integers, and if they are integers, the result are seconds of fractions. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{10^{2-4}=\frac{1}{10^2}\quad\frac{1}{10^{2-4}}=10^2}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืื ืืจืข ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉืจ ืืจืขืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืชืืจืข ืจืืืขืื' ืืฉื ืื' ืื ืื ืืฉืืจื' ืืฆืื ืฉื ืื' ืฉืืื' ืืื ืื ืืฉืืื' ืืฆืื ืฉืืจื' ืฉื ืืื |- |When you multiply integers by integers or fractions by fractions: |style="text-align:right;"|ืืืฉืชืืคื ืฉืืื' ืืฉืืื' ืื ืฉืืจื' ืืฉืืจื‫' |- |Add the names of the ranks [one to the other] and the product is [in the rank whose name is their sum]. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{10^n\sdot10^m=10^{n+m}}}</math> :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{\frac{1}{10^n}\sdot\frac{1}{10^m}=\frac{1}{10^{n+m}}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืจืื' ืืฉื ืืคืื ืื ืืคื |- |When you multiply integers by fractions: |style="text-align:right;"|ืืืฉืชืืคื ืฉืืื' ืืฉืืจื‫' |- |If their names are the same, the product is in the rank of units. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{10^n\sdot\frac{1}{10^n}=10^0}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืืคืื ืื ืืคื ืืืืื‫' |- |If not, subtract the names of the smaller from the name of the greater and the product is as the name that remains after the subtraction. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{m<n\;10^n\sdot\frac{1}{10^m}=10^{n-m}}}</math> :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{m>n\;10^n\sdot\frac{1}{10^m}=\frac{1}{10^{m-n}}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืืื ืืจืข ืฉื ืืงืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืคืื ืื ืืคื [..] ืืฆื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืจ ืืืจืขืื |- |As if you multiply 3 seconds of integers by 2 sevenths of fractions: subtract 2 from 7; the result is 5. We find that the result of the multiplication is 6 fifths of fractions. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{\left(3\sdot10^{2}\right)\times\left(2\sdot\frac{1}{10^7}\right)=6\sdot\frac{1}{10^{7-2}}=6\sdot\frac{1}{10^{5}}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืืื ืชืืคืื ื' ืฉืืื' ืฉื ืื' ืื' ืฉืืจื' ืฉืืืขืื' ืชืืจืข ื' ืื' ืืืฉืืจ ื ื ืืฆ' ืืขืื ืืืคื ื' ืฉืืจื' ืืืฉืืื |- |If 3 seconds of fractions by 2 sevenths of integers, the product is 6 fifths of integers. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{blue}{\left(3\sdot\frac{1}{10^2}\right)\times\left(2\sdot10^{7}\right)=6\sdot10^{7-2}=6\sdot10^{5}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ื' ืฉืืจื' ืฉื ืื' ืื' ืฉืืื' ืฉืืืขืื' ืืืื ืื ืืคื ื' ืฉืืื' ืืืฉืืื |- |This is the rule: when you divide a number by a number and they are both integers or both fractions: |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืื ืฆืืจื ืืื ืืฉืชืืืง ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืืกืคืจ ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื' ืื ืฉื ืื' ืฉืืจื‫' |- |If the names of their ranks are the same, the quotient is always in the rank of units. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{10^n\div10^n=10^{n-n}=10^0}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืื ืฉื ืืืจืืืชืื' ืฉืื ืชืคืื ืืืืืง ืืืืื' ืืขืืื |- |If the name of the upper is greater than [the name of] the lower, subtract the name of the lower from [the name of the upper] and the quotient is as [the name] that remains [of the same type], i.e. integers, if [both are] integers, or fractions, if [both are] fractions. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{m<n\;10^n\div10^m=10^{n-m}}}</math> :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{m<n\;\frac{1}{10^n}\div\frac{1}{10^m}=\frac{1}{10^{n-m}}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืฉื ืืขืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืชืื ืืจืข ืฉื ืืชืืชืื ืืื ื ืืืืกืคืจ ืื ืฉืืจ ืชืคืื ืืืืืงื ืืฆื ืืื' ืจ"ื ืื ืื ืฉืืื' ืฉืืื' ืืื ืฉืืจื' ืฉืืจื‫' |- |If the name of the lower is greater, subtract [the name of] the greater from [the name of the lower] and the quotient is as [the name] that remains of the opposite type i.e.: fractions, if both the divisor and the dividend are integers, or integers, if both are fractions. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{n<m\;10^n\div10^m=\frac{1}{10^{m-n}}}}</math> :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{n<m\;\frac{1}{10^n}\div\frac{1}{10^m}=10^{m-n}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืฉื ืืชืืชืื ืืืื ืืจืข ืืขืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืกืคืจ ืื ืฉืืจ ืชืคืื ืืืืืง ืืืคื ืืฆื ืจ"ื ืืฉืืจื' ืื ืืืืืง ืืื ืืืง ืฉืืื' ืืืฉืืื' ืื ืื ืฉืืจืื |- |If one is integer and the other is fraction and the names of their ranks are the same, or not the same, add the names of their ranks and the quotient is as the name of the sum, of the type of the upper number, i.e. the dividend: integer, if [the upper] is an integer, or fraction, if [the upper is] a fraction,. :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{\frac{1}{10^n}\div10^m=\frac{1}{10^{n+m}}}}</math> :<math>\scriptstyle{\color{OliveGreen}{10^n\div\frac{1}{10^m}=10^{n+m}}}</math> |style="text-align:right;"|ืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉื ื ืฉืืจื' ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจืืืชืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืชื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืืืช ืืืืจืื' ืืื ืืืืกืคืจ ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืืคื ืืืืืง ืืฆื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืกืคืจ ืืขืืืื ืจ"ื ืืืชืืืง ืื ืฉืืื' ืืฉืืื' ืืฉืืจื' ืืฉืืจื‫' |- |
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